Multiple collection methods running in parallel: broadcast and cable monitoring of actual airings, print issue capture, digital ad crawling and panel-based collection for display, video and social, app monitoring, and out-of-home records. Spend is then estimated by applying rate models to observed occurrences, since almost no one discloses what they actually paid.
The corporate history is worth knowing, because it explains the depth of the archive. The business began as LNA (Leading National Advertisers) and BAR (Broadcast Advertiser Reports), became CMR (Competitive Media Reporting), was relaunched by Kantar as Vivvix in January 2023 combining Kantar Media's syndicated coverage with Numerator's creative intelligence, and was sold to MediaRadar in November 2023.